纽约 RAISE 法案生效，OpenAI 与 Anthropic 等前沿 AI 开发商须限期注册并披露安全框架
OpenAI, Anthropic face new oversight as New York’s AI safety law takes effect
- 1纽约 RAISE 法案生效，年收入超 5 亿美元的前沿 AI 开发商须在 2027 年 1 月 1 日前完成注册
- 2法案要求开发商官网公开安全框架，重大安全事故 72 小时内上报，并发布公开模型透明度报告
- 3新设 DIGIT 办公室负责执行，违规单次最高罚 100 万美元，再犯最高 300 万美元
- 4加州 SB 53 和伊利诺伊 SB 315 已通过类似法案，后者还要求独立安全合规审计
纽约州把 AI 安全监管从立法推进到有执法机构、注册入口和罚则的阶段，头部模型厂商的安全披露义务开始落地。
- 影响：年收入超 5 亿美元的模型厂商合规与披露成本上升，安全事故须限时上报；采购大模型的企业可借强制公开的安全框架和事故报告补充供应商尽调；各州口径不一，跨州运营需分别对照。
- 参考：可考虑把供应商是否按期完成纽约注册、发布安全框架纳入采购尽调清单；值得对照 72 小时事故上报口径，先梳理自有 AI 应用的安全事件响应流程。
- 依据：收入门槛、72 小时上报和 100 万至 300 万美元罚则均为州政府口径，出自州长发布会与法案内容；未注册的具体执法方式官方暂未说明。
New York is gearing up to enforce one of the country’s most significant AI safety laws. The state opened a registration portal Tuesday, with which large frontier AI developers like Anthropic and OpenAI will be required to register by January 1, 2027.
The RAISE Act, New York’s safety and transparency bill, kicks in at the start of the year. It mandates that large frontier developers — companies with more than $500 million in annual revenue — have to publish safety frameworks on their websites, report critical safety incidents within 72 hours, and issue public model transparency reports.
The newly formed Office of Digital Innovation, Governance, Integrity, and Trust (DIGIT) will implement the RAISE Act and oversee large frontier AI labs. Penalties can be as high as $1 million for one violation and $3 million for subsequent violations.
The state can bring also enforcement actions against companies that fail to register with the new portal, though a spokesperson declined to provide specifics.
“Tech moguls tell us that their vision for AI is inevitable,” Governor Kathy Hochul said Tuesday during a press briefing. “They tell us get on board or get left behind …That any collateral damage is worth it as long as we win the race to the AI cliff.”
On Tuesday, Hochul also launched the New York Center for AI Responsibility and Research based at State University of New York’s Binghamton University. The center will independently evaluate the safety, security, and operation of advanced AI systems and work with DIGIT to review companies’ safety frameworks. Hochul first announced the center in January with $55 million in donations and capital.
“We’re building a national model for smart, sensible AI regulation, a model that puts communities above corporations and people above powerful technology,” Hochul said.
The RAISE Act isn’t the only safety law New York has passed. Last year, the state began enforcing a law that requires AI companion operators to regularly let users know they’re talking to a bot, and to make reasonable efforts to detect suicidal ideation and self-harm.
In October, Hochul signed a separate chatbot safety law for minors, restricting behaviors like deceptive human-like interactions, emotionally manipulative or sycophantic responses, and encouragement of behaviors like suicide or disordered eating. That law takes effect June 1, 2027.
Other states have also passed similar AI safety and transparency bills to the RAISE Act. California’s SB 53, which took effect in January, mandates that frontier AI labs have in place and publish safety frameworks, enact whistleblower protections, and report critical safety incidents within 15 days. Illinois’s SB 315, which will go into effect at the start of 2027, has similar requirements, plus includes independent safety compliance audits.
When you purchase through links in our articles, we may earn a small commission. This doesn’t affect our editorial independence.
Rebecca Bellan is a senior reporter at TechCrunch where she covers the business, policy, and emerging trends shaping artificial intelligence. Her work has also appeared in Forbes, Bloomberg, The Atlantic, The Daily Beast, and other publications.
You can contact or verify outreach from Rebecca by emailing [email protected] or via encrypted message at rebeccabellan.491 on Signal.
来源：TechCrunch · AI · techcrunch.com