微软发布自研 AI 芯片 Maia 300，2027 年投产以降低对 Nvidia GPU 的依赖
Microsoft’s new AI chip makes it less reliant on Nvidia’s GPUs
- 1微软发布第三代自研 AI 芯片 Maia 300，定位为旗下产品与服务的主力 AI 推理系统，2027 年投产
- 2官方称 Maia 300 每兆瓦 token 产出较领先 GPU 系统高 40%，96 加速器整机吞吐最高达 Maia 200 的 7 倍
- 3芯片采用 chiplet 架构与 TSMC N2P 工艺，面向长上下文推理、低延迟对话与多步智能体任务设计
- 4微软称效率提升将支撑自 2027 年起的多吉瓦级部署，逐步减少对 Nvidia 与 AMD 芯片的依赖
微软把推理成本与算力供给的主动权押向自研芯片，其云算力策略从外购 Nvidia GPU 转向自建为主。
- 影响：对 Azure 用户，推理成本与容量供给可能随自研芯片部署而变化；官方明确将减少对 Nvidia、AMD 芯片的依赖，采购格局随之调整；模型与芯片协同设计使微软走向全栈整合。
- 参考：可考虑把 2027 年后的 Azure 推理价格与容量变化纳入预算情景；重度依赖单一路线 GPU 供货的企业值得测算云厂商自研芯片对算力成本的影响，再权衡自建与云上配比。
- 依据：效率与吞吐数字、多吉瓦部署计划均为微软高管 Guthrie 的官方口径，暂无独立验证；2027 年投产时间表出自官方公告，Maia 200 已用于 Copilot 等生产负载。
Microsoft is announcing its third-generation Maia in-house AI chip today, designed to be the “primary AI inference system” for Microsoft’s products and services. Maia 300 not only improves the cost and efficiency of running AI workloads in the cloud, it’s also more capable of handling the latest reasoning models and agentic tasks.
Maia 300 will start being rolled out to production in 2027, and it has been designed with efficiency in mind. “We expect Maia 300 to deliver 40 percent more tokens per megawatt compared to leading GPU-based systems,” says Scott Guthrie, executive vice president of Microsoft’s cloud group. “And in a full 96-accelerator configuration, it delivers up to 7x the rack-scale token throughput of Maia 200.”
These efficiency improvements will allow Microsoft to rely mainly on its in-house AI chips soon, instead of ones from Nvidia and AMD. “We will scale our Azure Maia family to multi-gigawatt deployments starting in 2027, making Maia the primary AI inference system for Microsoft products and services,” says Guthrie.
Maia 300 is a successor to the 200, which was only announced in January. Maia 200 is already running on production AI workloads across Microsoft, including Microsoft Copilot, GitHub Copilot, Microsoft Foundry, and Microsoft’s own AI models.
“Maia 200 is the best performing AI infrastructure in our fleet, measured in real world metrics for AI services,” says Guthrie. “Maia 300 is a complete AI system designed for the new types of AI workloads emerging today: Long-context reasoning, latency-sensitive conversational experiences, and sustained, multi-step agentic tasks.”
Microsoft is using a new chiplet architecture to get its all-important efficiency gains. Built on TSMC’s N2P process node, the latest Maia 300 architecture separates compute, memory controller, and I/O functions. “This increases the silicon area dedicated to compute performance and allows each function to use the technology best suited to its role,” says the Azure hardware and infrastructure team.
Maia 300 is also a key part of Microsoft’s own AI model work, and could help the company achieve its goal of catching up with Google DeepMind, OpenAI, and Anthropic. “We have to work across the full stack, all the way down to the silicon,” says Microsoft AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman. “At that scale we need a platform that we own, and that we co-design with our models. That’s why running our Microsoft AI models on top of the Maia chip is a critical focus for our team.”
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- Tom Warren
来源：The Verge · AI · theverge.com